The importance of jazz in American culture Essay

The significance of jazz in American culture - Essay Example The birthplaces of jazz may lie in the blues rhythms that created in the period promptly following the American Civil War and the liberation of slaves. The particular component of the blues is that through the exhibition of an independent craftsman, an endeavor is made to make an interpretation of feelings into music through murmuring, groaning, and soundless impacts added to the real expressions of the melody (Halim, No Date). Jazz created from the blues, yet it contrasted from the blues in that it had an increasingly happy, inspiring note inside it. In the expressions of Stanley Crouch, jazz history specialist and pundit, the adoration for the music felt by both white and dark networks assisted with making jazz â€Å"a cutting edge social power in which one was at long last judged simply based on ones individual capacity. Jazz anticipated the social liberties development more than some other craftsmanship in America. (Hentoff, 2009). It was basically a device to contact individual s all over, independent of their shading and in this way an apparatus that could work as a way to separate isolation and lead to the advancement of a non-isolated society. Lewine (1992) has portrayed how jazz gradually got equal with mainstream society. America developed into the twentieth century as a general public where culture was fundamentally connected with the high forehead, increasingly proper segments of society. In any case, jazz entered this social field as an imperative new component that was unmistakable to such an extent that it had all the earmarks of being â€Å"the new result of another age†, while culture had all the earmarks of being conventional, having created throughout the hundreds of years (Lewine, 1992:7). However, culture and jazz seemed to characterize one another, on the grounds that the development of this new type of music which was (an) unconstrained (b) rambunctious and (c) participatory in that the crowds joined in vivaciously, and its huge prevalence re-imagined the whole component of what established culture.

Swot: Nokia Mobile Exist

Qualities, shortcomings, openings, and dangers: Which is the most significant? Why? In what manner may your reaction change on the off chance that you were the CEO of an organization? Imagine a scenario in which you were a client of the firm. A representative? A provider? Answer: The SWOT procedure is one of the most valuable devices in breaking down information and data from the organization. By utilizing this SWOT instrument, organization will know itself obviously that which part is amazing, what to improve, what more can do and what to challenge.In my sentiment, Threats is the most significant generally speaking in such a case that there is no dangers further, organizations won't be stressed over the amount of deals. For instance, NOKIA (cell phone), if there is simply NOKIA portable exist in the versatile world without different kinds versatile organizations like SONY ERICSSON or SUMSONG, at that point individuals unquestionably need to purchase NOKIA because of it is the main v ersatile company.As on the off chance that I were the CEO of an enterprise, I would consider Opportunities to be the most significant procedure when I utilized SWOT, since I have to search for and make the open doors for my organization to enable the organization to acquire benefits. For instance, organization can build its scale to turn into a major scale organization by corporate securing, and to do as such, I, CEO of the organization, need to look for the open doors for it, accordingly I think Opportunities is the most important.I will pick Strengths as the most significant technique on the off chance that I were the client of the firm. As client, I might want to look at the items or administrations among a few organizations and afterward buy for the best one. For instance, purchasing healthy skin items, I will purchase the item that I utilized as the most agreeable, delicate and powerful for my skin regardless of whether others are less expensive; nonetheless, on the off chance that I were the representative for the firm, I would state shortcoming is the most significant for me.This is on the grounds that I have to comprehend what the shortcoming while I'm working, and afterward I will attempt my best to fix and improve it. This should be possible by client input and after-deal administrations. For being a provider to the firm, I would take a gander at the Threats first. This is on the grounds that I need to ensure that firm will make orders from me and one of the significant issue is the a lot of contenders. This make the Threats as the most significant thing that I would confront.

Change Management Business World and Globalization

Question: Portray about the Change Management for Business World and Globalization. Answer: Presentation In the current business world, globalization has changed the whole manner by which business is completed. Business associations are presently contending on a worldwide scale and it has gotten hard for them to accomplish showcase abilities based on forms or materialistic assets as they can be reproduced progressively. Further, business associations have gotten defenseless against such huge numbers of various inside and outer natural components, for example, innovation, monetary, social, legitimate, political, and so on., which can change progressively. Thus, it has gotten significant for business associations to change alongside the changing business sector patterns and natural elements on the off chance that they need to continue in this extreme market rivalry. Changing with the changing patterns has become so basic that a huge number of stale organizations (associations that didn't change their procedures or work rehearses) have lost all their pieces of the overall industry to the c ontenders. In this way, achieving ordinary changes is urgent to continue in the business world. Presenting changes in business associations is more difficult than one might expect. It is a characteristic inclination of people to obstruction changes in their normal daily schedule and thus, a great deal of opposition is offered by the workers to change programs, which administrations of business associations present. In this task, we will talk about various change the executives hypotheses that have been proposed by some pioneer in the subject. We will likewise talk about the job that the administration needs to play in the fruitful usage of a change program. Change Management Theories There have been various hypotheses that have been proposed by pioneers in change the board subject, which can help business associations in arranging and effectively actualizing a change program in the work environment. The speculations can vary from one another and have their own upsides and downsides for various circumstances. Let us presently talk about a portion of the significant change the executives that are found in scholastic literary works: Kurt lewins hypothesis: The subject of progress the executives is fragmented without the notice of Kurt Lewins change hypothesis in it. One of the pioneers in the subject, Kurt Lewin, proposed a change the board hypothesis, which is additionally renowned by the name of freezing unfreezing or the 3-phase model of progress hypothesis. Kurt Lewins model built up this model in which he proposed three phases unfreezing, changing and refreezing. The fundamental target behind the three phases is that as a matter of first importance, the administration needs to make desperation and spread a message that a change is required. The subsequent stage comprises or realizing an arranged change in the procedures or the work tasks and the third stage, or the last stage, comprises of strengthening the correct conduct or the progressions that have been effectively accomplished. Despite the fact that the model was proposed in the mid 1940s, the model is as yet substantial today and is one of the most generally utilized models in the business world. A few specialists contend that change is consistent and it ought not be begun or halted with certain means yet the examples of overcoming adversity in the previous not many years have something else to state. Indeed, even in the previous barely any years, the model recommended by Kurt Le win has been broadly utilized in the human services industry to realize needful and significant changes effectively (Burnes, 2004). The associations that have had the option to make progress in change usage because of the change model recommended by Kurt Lewin accept that the model despite everything holds its legitimacy as it identifies with the brain research of the people and their conduct identified with change programs, which will consistently be the equivalent, independent of the decades. The prosci adkar model: The Prosci ADKAR model is a change the executives model that is objective situated and aides individual just as hierarchical change. The change model was created by Prosci author Jeff Hiatt. In the models name, ADKAR is an abbreviation that speaks to five unique results for example mindfulness, want, information, capacity and support. The model is a proficient way to deal with design and deal with a change program preceding its usage and furthermore during the execution of the change program. In the mindfulness stage, the model recommends that the administration ought to make a comprehension in the association that a change is required and pass on the reasons why achieving a change is vital. At that point the administration ought to make a longing in the psyches of the workforce that they should bolster the change. Here, viable driving and impacting can prove to be useful. Third, the administration ought to give information to the individuals with the goal that they can see how to change and what they are required to do. Fourth, the administration should give the workers the capacity or the aptitudes that would permit them to consolidate the progressions that are being presented in the association (Cameron and Green, 2004). In conclusion, the associations ought to strengthen the progressions that have been effectively actualized by acknowledging and remunerating the individuals who advance and acknowledge the change. ADKAR model has a high legitimacy in the current occasi ons as it offers a methodology that can help in the recognizable proof and assessment of reasons on account of which change execution falls flat or results are not gotten. It permits organizations to break the change program into little reachable parts and furthermore considers the program from business perspective just as individuals perspective (Hiatt, 2006). Kotters change the executives hypothesis: Another well known change the board hypothesis was proposed by Kotter and the hypothesis is celebrated by the name of Kotters 8-advance change model. In this hypothesis, John P. Kotter proposed eight stages that can be accustomed to achieve a change. Every one of the eight phases is related with a key rule that is related with the reaction of individuals to change. The principal stage is to make desperation among the individuals with the goal that they can be roused to push ahead. The second stage in the model to assemble a group that comprises of correct individuals with the correct characteristics to advance a change. The third stage comprises of setting clear crucial vision articulations that will pass on the system of the organization. The fourth stage comprises of obviously conveying the whole change the board program to the workers. The fifth stage in the model recommends that the administration should attempt to expel the deterrents that may cause a disappointment in the execution of the change the executives program. The 6th stage comprises of making transient successes or momentary destinations with the goal that the administration can examine the advancement once a targets is accomplished. The seventh step recommends that the administration ought not proclaim achievement too soon and should keep on expanding on the progressions that h ave been effectively actualized. The eighth or the last advance comprises of fortifying the adjustments in the corporate culture by commending the achievement, sharing examples of overcoming adversity and perceiving compensating those individuals who have helped in advancing the change program. This procedure is helpful as it is anything but difficult to follow and fuse while it additionally permits an administration to acknowledge the change and get ready for it. Then again, this procedure can be very tedious and being a stage model, it turns out to be critical to execute all means if achievement must be accomplished (Kotter, 1997). Extensions change model: The model was created by William Bridge, a celebrated change advisor. One of the best in addition to purpose of this model is that it lays a more noteworthy weight on progress instead of discussing change at all purposes of time. The model spotlights on three phases, which are examined underneath: Closure, losing and giving up when individuals become mindful about an up and coming change, they enter the principal stage that is set apart with obstruction and uneasiness. Individuals feel that they are moving toward an end and they should begin to acknowledge fresh starts. The impartial zone this is where there is a touch of turmoil, vulnerability, fretfulness and disarray. In this stage, there exists an extension and the individuals attempt to traverse the scaffold for example from their old practices to their new practices. This is a significant stage and can even bring about increment in advancement, recharging and an eruption of imagination. The fresh start once the impartial stage passes, the following stage is the fresh start where acknowledgment and vitality begins to come in the image. During this stage, individuals begin to acknowledge the change and comprehend the significance of experiencing a progress from old situation to another position (Tilson, Luecking and Donovan, 1994). Job Of Management And Leadership In Introducing Change As talked about till now, realizing change in business association is basic and is likewise one of the most troublesome things to accomplish. The protection from change programs offered by the representatives have in some cases brought about the disappointment of organizations because of loss of effectiveness, trust and efficiency. In practically all the cases, change programs have bombed because of the wastefulness of the administration in advancing a change appropriately (Cameron and Green, 2004). The executives and authority have the most significant task to carry out in achieving a change (Gill, 2002). Their job in change the board is talked about underneath: Impart the administration and the pioneers need to convey the change appropriately to the partners as a need correspondence can build the opposition and break the trust. Set up the administration and the pioneers need to set up the workers for tolerating the change and experiencing the necessary preparing and improvement programs that would help in achieving a change. Evacuate snags the administration and the pioneers of the association are likewise required to investigate, recognize and expel any hindrances that they think will cause the change program to fall flat. Contact the mana

The Impact of Social Media on the Middle East Uprisings essays

The Impact of Social Media on the Middle East Uprisings papers The talk in class examined the growing accessibility of web based life outlets in the Middle East and its impact on government control and the capacity to pick up and share data with the world. The capacity to promptly spread data has permitted residents from mistreated countries to pick up control and stand in opposition to serious political, social and monetary issues. In spite of endeavored control from abusive governments, internet based life is uncovering the present emergencies and monetary condition of the Middle East. I accept web based life has positive and ground-breaking potential to alter and change the upset governments working in Middle Eastern nations that are a piece of the Arab Spring on the grounds that, through the quick development and openness of innovation; data has been made available to the world and that information is the impetus of progressive change. Facebook and Twitter have without a doubt changed the manner in which we give and get data. With the snap of a catch, the world can see an image or video in a moment or two. With such data now equipped for spreading quickly around the globe, individuals are educated. This has constrained individuals to intercede, start fights, crusades and even intercession from the United States government in worldwide issues. A prime case of web based life uncovering defilement occurred in Syria in 2008. The fuel sponsorships were nullified, significantly increasing the cost of fuel for the time being. Therefore, the cost staples immediately expanded. In this manner, Syrian food costs rose 30%. Syrian bloggers announced, after the systems endeavor at a value hold it caused storing. The ascent in worldwide food cost hit Syria with pulverization and uncovered the inadequacy of the system and degenerate, broke economy (Goldman, 2011, p. 38). Additionally, in 2008 the world was momentarily mindful afte r the primary shots were discharged in the Mumbai fear based oppressors assaults, permitting the whole world an observer record of the unfurling d... <!

Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning Essay Example for Free

Jobs, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning Essay an) As Gravells (2012, pp.19) states, the enactment, administrative prerequisites and codes of training applicable to an instructor in the deep rooted learning segment will â€Å"differ contingent on the unique situation and condition in which you teach†. For instance, various associations and bosses are probably going to have contrasting arrangements and rules, for example, clothing standard, time-keeping, correspondences, managing the job of the instructor. When showing certify courses it is important to know about the necessities of outer bodies, for example, Ofsted, which may review arrangement, just as granting and financing bodies, for example, a FE College, which will expect proof to guarantee the nature of capabilities and courses and course participation. There is different enactment and codes of training pertinent to the job of the instructor. Conventional models applicable to my job as a worker's organization coach are recorded in the table underneath: There will likewise be enactment and codes of work on relating explicitly to the branch of knowledge being instructed, type and age scope of understudies, and condition. In this way, the Children Act (2004) will be applicable to those showing students under 18 years. I have recorded in the table underneath a portion of the enactment and codes of contact applicable to my job as a worker's organization coach: Health Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations (1992)| Information Technology Codes of Practice| Worker's organization Labor Relations (Consolidation) Act (1992)| ACAS Code of Practice: a break for worker's organization obligations and activities| Enactment, codes of training and guidelines can change after some time, and from association to association, and course to course. It is hence critical to check these consistently and guarantee that, as an instructor, your insight and aptitudes are modern. b) â€Å"boundary n., pl. â€ries. 1. Something that demonstrates the most distant breaking point, starting at a region; border† Sinclair, J.M. et al, 1994, pp.187. Therefore, limits both assistance to both characterize and breaking point our job as educators; they are center to perceiving our own territories of obligation and mastery, and to perceiving and regarding those of different experts with whom we may work. The limit between the job of the educator and the authority is only from time to time clear. Thusly, to all the more plainly comprehend where suitable limits lay, it is essential to comprehend the job of the instructor. These can be extensively sketched out by the showing cycle, which comprises of five procedures: recognize needs, plan and configuration, convey/encourage, survey and assess. As an instructor I may experience obstruction in every one of these parts of the educating/learning cycle, and I may need to look for the help or direction of different experts. For instance, on the off chance that IT gear is required to convey, at that point it is the duty of the IT Officer to set this up. Correspondingly, on occasion it is important to welcome a pro, for example, a legal counselor, to give briefings on specific zones, for example, enactment or to talk with them in the improvement obviously materials. As a worker's organization coach I routinely work nearby associates in an assortment of expert jobs, including: attorneys and legitimate counselors, dyslexia and learning bolster administrations, worker's guild authorities, specialists and IT support, Human Resources directors, school managers and different mentors. As an instructor it is essential to draw in with other expert jobs in a sure, aware and proficient way, and to perceive and consistently evaluate when parts of my job can be all the more successfully managed by another prepared proficient. What's more, again, as Gravells (2012, pp.16) says, â€Å"If you are ever in question about the limits of your job, consistently ask somebody else† c) â€Å"The IfL Code of Practice states: Members will take sensible consideration to guarantee the wellbeing and government assistance of students and consent to important legal provisions†. (on the same page., pp. 51) Having distinguished obstructions to learning, it is then critical to recognize the right administrations to which students might be alluded. These purposes of referral can be just isolated into inner and outer help administrations. Inward administrations are commonly those given by the training supplier or association. Hence, numerous FE universities have understudy bolster administrations which may incorporate advising, money related help, learning support and so forth. Worker's guilds may offer less inside types of assistance for students, yet there is commonly an Education Officer or office, which can offer help to students, and once in a while bursaries, and there is normally an IT division which can offer specialized help and help. Numerous associations likewise have Learning Organizers, who can give expert counsel and referral, and access to Union Learning Fund (ULF) assets. What's more, full-time association authorities can help students in arranging time off and money related and other help from their bosses, and will work with them to build up an Individual Learning Plan (ILP). Outer help benefits for the most part alludes to expert associations can allude to associations, for example, Samaritans, Lesbian Gay Switchboard, NHS Direct, which give authority backing and exhortation on explicit issues which may influence students. Inside worker's guild instruction, outside help administrations may likewise incorporate alluding students, with their assent, to their manager. Numerous businesses can furnish money related and other help with learning, and offer help for staff with dyslexia and those for whom English is a subsequent language. There are likewise different associations, for example, NIACE and the Workers Education Association (WEA) which give extra instructional classes. d) â€Å"A great early introduction will help build up a positive working relationship with your students.†, states Gravells (2012, pp. 10), â€Å"The way you dress, act, react to questions, offer support†, these components and more will put a section in defining the limits and building up fitting practices among students. As an instructor it is crucial to set a positive model, and to encourage students in building up guidelines for conduct during exercises, for example, showing up on schedule, keeping telephones on quiet and listening consciously to other people. Learners’ inclusion in building up the adequate norms of conduct is vital to picking up their up front investment, and in this way in keeping up and directing conduct on a progressing premise. Setting up schedules in the learning setting can be useful, and it is important to continually screen, survey and assess the practices inside the exercise at all phases of the educating/learning cycle, and to support and connect with input from students in regards to their encounters. In every circumstance it is important to decide fitting activities; if inadmissible conduct is rehashed by at least one people, it might be important to address this with students on a coordinated premise so as to recognize and, ideally, to address the reasons for any issues or issues. List of sources Gravells, A (2012) Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector †The New Award, fifth Edition, London: Sage. Lefrancois, G.R. (2000) Psychology for Teaching, tenth Edition, Wadsworth. Sinclair, J.M. et al (1995) Collins English Dictionary Updated Edition, Harper Collins.

To go home or to stay home

To go home or to stay home As I’m starting to write this, I’m sitting on an airplane, my rear end seriously sore from ~6 hours in one seat. I’m 24 minutes out from Los Angeles, and I can’t wait to spend Thanksgiving with my family. At 6:00 this morning I was tugging my carry-on across MIT’s campus on the way to the Kendall T-station. Let me give you an idea of exactly how early (late?) 6:00 at MIT is. As I made the familiar trek past MacGregor, BC, Baker, McCormick, and Maseeh, the broad avenue of dorm row was completely desolate. When I stepped into Lobby 7 and peered down the Infinite Corridor, I could see clear through to the other side. The entire hallway was EMPTY. I saw more bunnies while walking past East Campus than I did human beings. I had never even pictured the school so empty! My grandpa always used to say, “Walk in like you own the place.” Marching through the Infinite in the middle of night, it struck me that this was my school. Long after the sun went down and people went home, I still lived here. I belonged at MIT. I think that at some point in every college student’s career, they realize that when they depart from campus to go visit their family, they’re no longer “going home”, they’re “leaving home.” Or maybe both. I’m still trying to find out where I stand on that blurry line. While looking at colleges, I was pretty conflicted about whether I wanted to stay close to home (potentially as close as a half-hour drive) or move very far away (Boston). Before coming to MIT, I had lived in the same city in the same house in Los Angeles for all of my 18 years. Life in the San Fernando Valley was all I had ever experienced. Plus, I have a very close relationship with my family. At my high school, one of my best friends was my younger brother. After coming home from school each afternoon, I would wind down by joking and chatting with my brothers and mom. A lot of the time, the highlights of my day and the events that I looked forward to each week revolved around spending time with that group of people that I love more than anyone else. In the back of my mind, I wondered if moving across the country to school was taking a huge risk. I would be overhauling every aspect of my current life. On one hand, the idea of attending MIT was ridiculously exciting. But on the other hand, I would be leaving my only geographic home and removing myself from the people that made me really happy. A niggling part of me wondered if I was being foolish to let go of the parts of my current life that I cherished most. Heading into orientation, I just knew that I would get homesick. I predicted and accepted that I would miss my family miserably for a month or so before I adjusted to a new environment and began to enjoy everything that MIT had to offer. So I was totally unprepared for how it actually happened. My first week in Boston was spent doing an incredibly fun and action-packed FPOP (Freshman Pre-Orientation Program) and scouting out REX (Residential Exploration) activities. (You should read all about it here. Because both my FPOP and REX were beyond incredibly awesome.) Between playing the role of an enraged Samuel Adams during a reenactment of the pre-Boston Tea Party, experimenting with marshmallow guns, bussing out to Concord to visit the site of the first Revolutionary battle, waging a water war, analyzing some of the coolest art I’ve ever seen at the outdoor deCordova, and eating way too much free food, I had no time to pine over being away from home and no energy left at the end of the day to do anything but make the most of 8 hours of sleep. More significantly, I think I was in a state of mild euphoria from the excess of new friends and creativity and exciting opportunities around me. I figured that when classes started and the work of psets replaced the play of REX, some melancholy would start setting in. It never really did. Sure, there would be a day every once in a while when I felt lonely or missed home. But I never experienced the gut-punching pain of separation that I was banking on. I’ve found that being away from home, living in Boston and at MIT, is so much an expansion of my horizons that I never felt a dearth of company or good spirits. The life that I gained by moving to MIT is so much richer in a lot of ways than the one I left in high school that I dont feel any sort of void left behind. I’ve enjoyed myself so much meeting so many friendly, down-to-Earth, fun people that I’m beginning to question my self-classification as an introvert. I’m challenged in my classes in ways I never was in high school. I’m reveling in being in a new charming, historical, explorable city, a refreshing change from the familiar highways of L.A. I’m enjoying the independence of cooking for myself, planning my own schedule, and public transportation. :) I still miss my family. I FaceTime them every night (I’m in the minority; most people seem to call every week or so). My dad will want to know what fun plans I have for the weekend and my mom will share her latest sewing project that apparently my brothers didn’t fully appreciate. Sharing this moment with my family every evening is absolutely one of the reasons I never got seriously homesick. In fact, I never left behind the most precious part of homeâ€"the ability to spend time with and talk to the people I love most. I still feel like I have some work to do in terms of really settling in at MIT. I’m still trying to figure out what extracurricular activities I want to dedicate myself to. I want to keep expanding my friend groupâ€"I feel like everyone on campus is worth meeting! Plus, there’s the thorny question of figuring out for certain what I want to do with the rest of my life. :/ There’s no question that adjusting to MIT takes some time. It stretches and challenges you academically, socially, and personally. That’s why I’m glad to have the opportunity to head home for a few days over Thanksgiving break. It’s nice to take a step back from school and return to the comfort of home and the support of people who love you. I’m looking forward to baking with my mom, losing to my dad and brothers in Mario Cart, cuddling with my doggie (because therapy dogs, I’m sorry to admit, just don’t cut it), and decorating our Christmas tree together. It’s an incredible thing to be in an environment where you are perfectly loved and accepted, and where you are able to effortlessly enjoy yourself with the people around you. I’m lucky enough that those people are my family. As exhilarating as it is to expand one’s horizons, sometimes you still crave the warmth of home. You need to make room for new adventures, stresses, and ideas to enter your life, while not letting go of the environments and relationships you already cherish. This is the trade-off between staying home and going away for college, the dilemma between feeling homesick and reveling in new opportunities. But right now I’ve got to drag myself out of bed, eat pumpkin pie and cheesecake for breakfast, and prepare myself to select and decorate an absurdly large Christmas tree. Merry start-of-Christmas and have a wonderful Thanksgiving break!

Augustus And The Use Of Propaganda - Free Essay Example

  It is often said that history is written by the victors, and the quote could not be more appropriate than for Augustus. He is often called the ?restorer of the Republic by contemporary and ancient time historians. Being a major influence on his life, Augustus was inspired by Caesar practices and propaganda works. He took those propaganda lessons and perfected them. The unprecedented age of peace and stability that Augustus brought, known as the Pax Romana or Roman Peace, did not occur naturally. He was able to maintain control of not only the common people but of the government and other political rivals. The written word was perhaps the most useful tool at his disposal and he used it to manipulate events to tell the story from his perspective and ensured that this perspective would be considered historical fact. When studying propaganda in the age of Augustus, it is crucial to mention Augustus own literary works, The Deeds of the Divine Augustus. The document was written by Augustus himself and meant to be seen and read by as many people as possible. The document t summarizes Augustus image and deeds to the people of Rome. He never tells any outright lies, but does manipulate the light in which certain historical events are presented. The document was written shortly before Augustus death, m eaning that it had no immediate impact in his life. Nonetheless, it is still important in how it shaped his legacy and still serves as evidence for his political propaganda machine. One of the less discussed aspects of Augustus propaganda is in the name ?Augustus itself, that is not a name, but rather a title. Augustus included the moment he was bestowed the title in his own literary work The Deeds of the Divine Augustus: In my sixth and seventh consulates, after putting out the civil war I handed over the state from my power to the dominion of the senate and Roman people. And for this merit of mine, by a senate decree, I was called Augustus   After that time, I exceeded all in influence, but I had no greater power than the others who were colleagues with me in each magistracy. When analyzing Augustus words, it is clear that he understood the significance of what had just occurred. This single verse simultaneously displays Augustus power and authority while also carefully ?clarifying that Augustus was no more powerful than any other magistrate. Even though this was not the reality, it served its purpose. It portrayed the image that Augustus wished to present to the people. The nuanced propaganda depicted the inaccurate idea that the Republic still existed and that the power ultimately rested with the people. Augustus says he had no greater power than the others [senators and statesmen] who were colleagues with him, which was simply not true. Augustus had learned from Julius Caesars the importance of propaganda, but also not to commit the same mistake as Caesar did. He knew he could not allow himself to be declared sole rul er of the Republic as Caesar did prior to his assassination. F Furthermore, another telling example of the image he wishes to portray is in the first verse, A copy below of the deeds of the divine Augustus, by which he subjected the whole wide earth to the rule of the Roman people, and of the money which he spent for the state and Roman people From the very beginning we see reference to his public image, Augustus the Divine. The Res Gestae is filled with many other indications of his legality and importance to Rome. In the first paragraph, Augustus states: on my own initiative and at my own expense, I raised an army with which I set free the state, which was oppressed by the domination of a faction. Here we see that it was Augustus that saved Rome from those who would bring her to ruin. Augustus also shows his dominance in military affairs as well. Throughout the document there are numerous mentions of Augustus conquests, I drove the men who slaughtered my father into exile with a legal order, punishing their crime, and afterwards, when they waged war on the state, I conquered them in two battles. Here, Augustus simultaneously establishes the criminal nature of Caesars assassins while also establishing his military superiority when he claims he won the battle against them twice. Importantly, in the 5th paragraph, Augustus establishes and emphasizes that he had no desire for dictatorship when he says, When the dictatorship was offered to me, both in my presence and my absence, by the people and S enateI did not accept itWhen the annual and perpetual consulate was then again offered to me, I did not accept it. Augustus is telling the people of Rome that he declined an offer of dictatorship twice, both publicly privately. As mentioned above, he knew the dangers of calling himself the only ruler and used all his skills to remove the idea from the people of the Republic. Augustus devotion to propaganda is visible also in Suetonius writings, in his writing The life of Augustus he mentions that From early youth, he devoted himself eagerly and with utmost diligence to oratory and liberal studies In fact, he never afterwards spoke in the Senate, or to the people or the soldiers, except in a studied and written address, although he did not lack the gift of speaking offhand without preparation. Augustus dedication to written words, in a period when not many could read, is a testament of his grand vision of control of the then present and future historical record. In Suetonius writing we also read, Moreover, to avoid the danger of forgetting what he was to sayhe adopted the practice of reading everything from a manuscript. Even his conversations with individuals and the more important of those with his own wife Livia, he always wrote out and read from a note-book, for fear of saying too much or too little if he spoke offhand. The desire to control all aspects of his image stretched into his intimate relationship with close friends and his own wife. Furthermore, being aware of the fact that not many could read his writing, he used the ones that could as magnifiers that would spread his word, as Suetonius writes, He wrote numerous works of various kinds in prose, some of which he read to a group of his intimate friends, as others did in a lecture-room; for example, his Reply to Brutus on Cato. Although these encounters were considered informal and intimate, they served their purpose in the propaganda machine that Augustus bulletproofed. Augustus dedicated a lot of time to writing , especially during his later years, most of it was about his life but he also tried to write a tragedy. In Suetonius Life of Augustus he writes that He also wrote Exhortations to Philosophy and some volumes of an Autobiography, giving an account of his life in thirteen books up to the time of the Cantabrian war, but no farther. Thirteen books dedicated to his life show, written during his later years show that Augustus wan not only interested in the control that the propaganda provided. He wanted to be immortalized in the image of his choice. In conclusion, Augustus is remembered as arguably the greatest leader in Romes history. His accomplishments as a leader are well known amongst contemporary Romans and historians alike. Bringing his writing into historical context and facts, it is clear that some of his deeds and character may be exaggerated. But, Augustus did bring an unprecedented era of peace to the Mediterranean world that helped ensure the longevity of the Roman empire. Nonetheless, when studying such an important figure it is important not to fall prey to Augustus propaganda itself.

Digital Music Streaming Services On The Copyright Rights...

Spotify is one of the largest and most popular digital music streaming services used today and streams music to millions of consumers. In December 2015, a class action lawsuit was filed against Spotify that threatens damages upwards of 150 million dollars to the company. The man who filed the class action lawsuit, David Lowery, is a songwriter, the frontman and founder of the band Camper Van Beethoven, and a leading member of the band Cracker. He is also very involved when it comes to artists’ rights and interests within the music industry. Lowery is accusing Spotify of failing to properly notify, license music from, and pay royalties to many artists, including himself, whose music is already streaming through their service. Copyright grants an author or artist a set a of exclusive rights that allows them control over publication, distribution, and adaptation of their copyrighted work as well as the right to authorize others to use their work. Unauthorized use of an artist’s work under copyright infringes on the copyright holder’s exclusive rights. In this case, Spotify is accused of unauthorized use of many artists’ work under copyright. To prove infringement, the plaintiff must show proof of valid copyright and proof that important elements of the original work have been copied. By streaming David Lowery’s music without notifying him, obtaining a license from him, or paying correct royalties to him, Spotify is infringing on his exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute,Show MoreRelatedThe And Music Streaming Services Industry Background1411 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Spotify and Music Streaming Services Industry Background Audio streaming services are transforming the way music is consumed; from artist interaction to size and revenue potential. This change is inevitable, and could spell the end of physical music sales. They legally allow user access to millions of tracks from any online platform. The service is probably viewed as a revolutionized of music industry. According to recent report in April 2015 by The International Federation of theRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On The Music Industry1500 Words   |  6 Pagessurvive in the music industry without a record deal. Thankfully, that has changed and it’s now easier than ever to create and distribute music without a major record label. But there still isn’t a free-for-all market where the music maker can be as free as they want, and maybe not as easy as it should be to reach out to an audience. The fact that music often is received differently in our society depending on the genre, is something we all know of but might don’t recognize. In any industry where moneyRead MoreIllegal Downloads and the Affect on the Film Industry13468 Words   |  54 PagesMEDIA@LSE Electronic MSc Dissertation Series Compiled by Dr. Bart Cammaerts and Dr. Nick Anstead Why pay if it’s free? Streaming, downloading, and digital music consumption in the â€Å"iTunes era† Theodore Giletti, MSc in Media Communications Other dissertations of the series are available online here: http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/media@lse/mediaWorkingPapers/ Dissertation submitted to the Department of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science, AugustRead MoreIllegal Downloading Platforms : The Recording Industry1624 Words   |  7 PagesIllegal downloading platforms The recording industry estimates that it loses more than $4.6 billion every year to physical piracy (Lessig, 2004). The chart below shows that Spotify is helping to shift consumers away from piracy and towards their free, legal alternative. Due to the history of illegal music downloading in the digital age, consumer’s willingness to pay for the services provided by Spotify remains very low. †¢ Free Versus Subscription Services Artists and record labels are still debatingRead MoreDigital Asset And Payment System1597 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The music industry is historically very slow in adjusting to the technological innovations. The idea of the internet currency has been around for 7 years (Davis, 2011). Despite its ups and downs it managed to attract attention of leading economists and businessmen around the world and created new opportunities in the variety of industries. Recently, Bitcoin, the most popular digital asset and payment system, along with its public ledger Blockchain started being considered as a remedyRead MoreThe Music Industry Has Experienced A Difficult Period For The Past Decade3355 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction: The music industry has experienced a difficult period for the past decade. since the initial decline of Napster both record labels and artists have seen their revenues dwindling. As the music industry has progressed vinyls were swapped for CD’s and more recently on demand audio streaming. Since its introduction, digital audio streaming has been regarded as the demise of the audio industry by some artists and promoters, however, it is also perceived as the future of the industry as it has shownRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Performing Arts2832 Words   |  12 Pages B00191107 Commercial Music 3rd Year Essay Question Response Commercial Music BA/Hons Rights Within the Performing Arts Module Co-ordinator: Kenny Forbes Word Count: 2567 I B00191107 certify that all material in this essay / assignment which is not my own is duly acknowledged. I have read and understand the section in the programme handbook dealing with plagiarism. Introduction This essay will be an analysis of the opportunities available to creative musician in two distinct erasRead MoreImproving The Path Of Becoming A Recording Artist1736 Words   |  7 Pagesmerchandise and all other costs artists need assistance with. These websites are helping change the path of becoming a recording artist. On the positive end, artists are having more control over the content they produce and are not reliant on large music labels for support. By using crowd-funding websites this eliminates the search for a record label and complying with the labels creative demands and time constraints. On the negative side, a recording contract guarantees all the costs and distributionRead MoreSpotify Strategy4815 Words   |  20 PagesProject Summary Introduction Spotify is an online commercial music streaming platform that, despite earning a massive sum of Euros in 2012, has never recorded any profit ever since its launch in 2008. Royalty costs and increases in licensing costs cover most of Spotify’s expenses, and these fees continue to be a problem as it prevents Spotify from making a profit. Purpose This paper aims to improve Spotify’s strategies in order to make its business more profitable. Method This paperRead MoreCopyright Infringement Research Paper4022 Words   |  17 PagesCopyright Infringement Research Paper We are well into the year of 2011 and technology is continuing to advance and a faster and faster rate. As technology advances there continues to be more of an opportunity for things to go wrong. The ability of our society to obtain information has been becoming as easy as it has ever been. I simple line into the google search bar and you are looking at millions upon millions of lings and opportunities to attain information. With this source and hundreds

When Was the Safety Pin Invented

The modern safety pin was the invention of Walter Hunt. A safety pin is is an object thats commonly used to fasten clothing (i.e. cloth diapers) together. The very first pins used for clothing date back to the Mycenaeans during the 14th century BCE and were called fibulae. Early Life Walter Hunt was born in in 1796 in upstate New York . and earned a degree in masonry. He worked as a farmer in the mill town of Lowville, New York, and his work involved designing more efficient machinery for the local mills. He received his first patent in 1826 after moving to New York City to work as a mechanic. Hunts other inventions included  a forerunner of the Winchester repeating rifle, a successful flax spinner, knife sharpener, streetcar bell, hard-coal-burning stove, artificial stone, road sweeping machinery, velocipedes, ice plows and mail making machinery. He is also known for inventing a commercially unsuccessful sewing machine. The Invention of the Safety Pin The safety pin was invented while Hunt was twisting a piece of wire and trying to think of something that would help him pay off a debt of fifteen dollars. He later sold his patent rights to the safety pin for four hundred dollars to the man that he owed the money to. On April 10, 1849,  Hunt was granted US patent #6,281 for his safety pin. Hunts pin was made from one piece of wire, which was coiled into a spring at one end and a separate clasp and point at the other end, allowing the point of the wire to be forced by the spring into the clasp. It was the first pin to have a clasp and spring action and Hunt claimed that it was designed to keep fingers safe from injury, hence the name. Hunts Sewing Machine In 1834, Hunt built Americas first sewing machine, which was also the first eye-pointed needle sewing machine. He later lost interest in patenting his sewing machine because he believed the invention would cause unemployment. Competing Sewing Machines The eye-pointed needle sewing machine was later reinvented by Elias Howe of Spencer, Massachusetts and patented by Howe in 1846. In both Hunts and Howes sewing machine, a curved eye-pointed needle passed the thread through the fabric in an arc motion. On the other side of the fabric a loop was created and a second thread carried by a shuttle running back and forth on a track passed through the loop, creating a lockstitch. Howes design was copied by Isaac Singer and others, which lead  to extensive patent litigation. A court battle in the 1850s showed conclusively that Howe was not the originator of the eye-pointed needle and credited Hunt with the invention. The court case was started by Howe against Singer, the then largest manufacturer of sewing machines. Singer disputed Howes patent rights by claiming that the invention was already some 20 years old and that Howe should not have been able to claim royalties for it. However, since Hunt had abandoned his sewing machine and not patented it, Howes patent was upheld by the courts in 1854. Isaac Singers machine was somewhat different. Its needle moved up and down, rather than sideways. And it was powered by a treadle rather than a hand crank. However, it used the same lockstitch process and a similar needle. Howe died in 1867, the year his patent expired.

Behavioral Interventions Designed Reduce Sleep Difficulties

Abstract The purpose of this study to investigate behavioral interventions designed to reduce sleep difficulties in a child. Positive bedtime routines and sleep restriction were successful in eliminating bedtime disturbances and nighttime awakenings in a five-year-old child sleeping problems. Positive bedtime routines included activities such as brushing teeth, taking a bath, picking out pajamas, and reading a story. Sleep restriction involved reducing the number of hours the child slept. While maintaining a consistent bedtime and Wake-up time. Positive bedtime routines and sleep restriction resulted in improved parental satisfaction. With the child s behavior at bedtime, the child s sleep pattern, and the time it takes to put the child to bed at night. Introduction Bedtime problems and night waking’s in infants and young children are established, persistent, and associated with a variety of impairments in youth and their families (Moore, M., 2010). Many parents have struggle with their children to develop appropriate sleep scheduling and bedtime routines. Learning how to sleep soundly is a normal part of development. It is typical for children to wake during the night. However, returning to sleep may be difficult at times for children. Children who get little sleep are more likely to have behavioral problems, be prone to general moodiness, and have difficulties living up to their potential. Having a child that is not getting restful sleepShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Autistic Children972 Words   |  4 Pagesact in a manner we conceive as normal. To understand how a proper diet can help an autistic child one must understand the dietary difficulties the child must face, and three of the diets. These diets are known as the Gluten-free, Casein-free, Soy-free Diet (GFCFSF); the Gluten-free, Casein-free Diet (GFCF); and the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD). Dietary Difficulty Many Autistic children have a difficult time with diets, and the health issues they may cause. Many Autistic children are consideredRead MoreSleep Apnea Essay examples1538 Words   |  7 Pages Sleep Apnea nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sleep is essential to life; it is one of several components, including food and water, which keep the living alive. However, a significant percentage of the human population has considerable difficulty reaching and maintaining Stage IV within their sleeping patterns, the stage that allows the mind and body to fall into a deep and restorative sleep, otherwise known as REM sleep. At the core of this difficulty is a condition known as obstructive sleep apneaRead MoreThe Behavioral Center For Suicidal Ideation1536 Words   |  7 PagesJ.F. is a 42-year-old, Hispanic male who was transferred to the behavioral center for suicidal ideation, in which he planned to hang himself with cable wires. He has a history of mental illness in the family. The patient’s mother has a history of bipolar disorder, and passed away when the patient was 37 years old. The patient was emotionally and abused by a family member when he was around 8-10 years old. He had attempted su icide as a teenager by trying to overdose on pills. His medical history includesRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay example1507 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is among the most extensively tested psychotherapies for depression. Many studies have confirmed the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a treatment for depression. This paper will provide background information about the intervention, address the target population, and describe program structure and key components. It will also provide examples of program implementation, challenges/barriers to implementing the practice, address how the practice supportsRead MoreCancer Diagnosis And Treatment Of Cancer Essay1480 Words   |  6 Pagesnormal body function, as it increases energy demands and alters body systems. There are many factors that can lead to the development of cancers, including genetic, behavioral, and environmental influences. The presence of disease is not always obvio us; therefore, it is imperative for individuals to participate in screening interventions to promote early detection. Cancer diagnosis and treatment requires a patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach to care, which is inclusive of definitive diagnosisRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder1591 Words   |  7 Pagesabout a number of events (work, friends, health). Mary reported that it is difficult to control the worry. The anxiety and worry are associated with the following symptoms, which are present for more days than not: difficulty concentrating or mind going blank, irritability, and sleep disturbance. The anxiety, worry, or physical symptoms cause significant distress or impairment in Mary’s social and occupational areas of functioning. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effectsRead MoreBeyond Blue Is An Australian1300 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessional to discuss reasons to stay alive, then moves on to coping strategies such as rediscovering things that the person finds most enjoyable in life. To further develop this strategy, Beyond blue have designed the ‘Beyond Now’ app, which is an effective tool used by clinicians to support interventions with their suicidal patients. The app is intended to provide a platform for people to develop their own personalised safety plan and allows users to access a range of coping strategies, social supportRead MoreAssessment And Treatment Of Combat Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pagesposttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), address the symptoms linked to PTSD, and the methods used in the assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder with emphasis on military combat-related PTSD. In addition, the literature review will identify the interventions by social work, if any, when addressing PTSD and the role social workers may play when assisting those with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Assessment Posttraumatic stress disorder is caused by exposure to a traumatic stressor orRead MoreDepth Look At Autism Spectrum Disorder3112 Words   |  13 PagesZapata Columbia Basin College In Depth look at Autism Spectrum Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD, is a complex developmental disorder which is usually diagnosed during the first 3 years of life. The disorder is characterized by severe difficulty or inability in communicating, socializing, forming relationships with others, and responding appropriately to the environment. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM-IV, ASD was one of the diagnosis coveredRead MoreArtificial Sentience Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesThe use of computers has pervaded the life of every human being. At every street corner there are machines to be found that have been designed to simplify our lives and take over the mundane jobs that no longer require human intervention. One only needs to think of automated teller machines replacing bank tellers, vending machines phasing out street vendors, or near-infallible CCTV watching over us as policemen and sheriffs once did, to realise the extent that technology has enhanced and improved

Association Football and Davies Middle School - 773 Words

For me to be a member of the National Juniors Honors Society would be an amazing privilege. I believe I should be accepted because I am dedicated and passionate about my activities inside and outside of school. Also I will bring strong leadership as well as teamwork skills to NJHS. I am always looking for new ways to help people even in the smallest of things. Lastly, I have received many recognition awards and commendations. I think these qualities will make me an excellent member of the National Junior Honor Society here at William Davies Middle School. One of my biggest passions is my soccer team, the Hamilton Shock. I have been playing soccer for a little over a year and a half and I love it. We work together not only as a team†¦show more content†¦In final consideration, this shows that I have been successful so far but I believe I will go on to do even bigger and better things and I hope NJHS can help me do that. I have ideas of improving our school and town such as a Special Olympics volunteering program. I would also like to show other students how they can help and improve our school. I think my best years at Davies are ahead and they can only be better with my involvement in the National Junior HonorsShow MoreRelatedIntangible Asset Accounting and Accounting Policy Selection in the Football Industry85391 Words   |  342 PagesINTANGIBLE ASSET ACCOUNTING AND ACCOUNTING POLICY SELECTION IN THE FOOTBALL INDUSTRY by NICHOLAS ROWBOTTOM A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Commerce and Social Science of The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Accounting and Finance School of Business Faculty of Commerce and Social Science The University of Birmingham July 1998 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyrightRead MoreCellc South Africa - Marketing15638 Words   |  63 Pagespopulation that do not own a cellphone as yet. The additional service, Mobile Number Portability (see Appendix 1), has also been affected by the RICA legislation Sports Enthusiasts: The Nike Football Package allows Nike Football fanatics to enjoy reduces rates as well as an Access card to exclusive Nike football events Conservatives: Cell C is known to support gospel music, through its sponsorship of the Soweto Gospel Choir and the launch of its Gospel for life package. Offering many benefits,Read MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 PagesThe Middle Ages: 500-1500 6 The Renaissance: 1500-1650 7 The Rise of Puritanism and John Locke: Late 1600s 8 3. Beginning of Children’s Literature: Late 1700s 10 4. Fairy and Folk Tales 12 The Golden Age of Children’s Literature: Late 1800s 12 5. Victorian Childrens Literature 16 6. Contemporary Childrens Literature 18 6. Analysis of Harry Potters’ series 21 7. Conclusion 30 8. Summary 31 Children’s Literature Definitions 31 The Ancient World [ancient Rome; 50 BCE to 500 CE] 31 The Middle AgesRead MoreCoco Cola18335 Words   |  74 Pages1  Racial discrimination * 4.2  Bottling plant murders * 4.2.1  Guatemala * 4.2.2  Colombia * 4.2.3  SINALTRAINAL lawsuit * 4.3  Shareholder resolution attempt (2002) * 5  Boycotts and controversies * 5.1  Israel and the Middle East * 5.2  2010 Polish election campaign * 5.3  Defense of Marriage Act * 5.4  Bolivian criticism * 6  References * 7  External links | ------------------------------------------------- Health effects[edit] Since studies indicateRead Morepaul hoang answers72561 Words   |  291 Pagesauthor. Many thanks for your attention to this matter. With warm wishes, Paul Hoang paulhoang88@hotmail.com Jan 2009  © Paul Hoang and IBID Press  © Paul Hoang and IBID Press    2 Preface – Human Resource Management (at Wilkinson Hill School) a) The question asks candidates to ‘produce’ a person specification. Hence the answer is required to be presented in an appropriate format (for which 1 mark can be awarded). [5 marks] Person Specification for Head of Economics and Politics Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages– how can small players survive changing markets? Amazon (B) – latest developments in a successful dot.com. Formula One – developing the capabilities for competitive success in a hi-tech industry. Manchester United – clash of expectations in the football world. Salvation Army – strategic challenges for a global not-for-profit organisation with a mission. Bayer MS – corporate social responsibility in the international development of a German company. Eurotunnel – clash of cultures threatens to derailRead MoreBranding in Clothing Industry22425 Words   |  90 Pages2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 Chapter 2: Literature review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The important roles of brand 2.2.1 The characteristics of successful brands 2.3 Brand equity 2.3.1 Brand awareness 2.3.2 Perceived quality 2.3.3 Brand loyalty 2.3.4 Brand association 2.4 Consumer buying behaviour 10 10 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 19 2.4.1 Models of consumer behaviour 2.5 Summary 20 23 Chapter 3: Methodology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Theoretical backgrounds 3.2.1 Review of different research traditions 3.2.2Read MoreEssay about Summary of History of Graphic Design by Meggs14945 Words   |  60 Pagesproduction of alphabet communication. †¢ Knowledge spread quickly and literacy increased because of this invention. Several factors created a climate in Europe that made typography possible: †¢ Demand for books became insatiable. †¢ Emerging literacy: middle class and students created a huge new market for reading material. †¢ The process of bookmaking took too long (scribes = slow), and the costs involved were too high (sheep skin parchment = redonks expensive, y0). Watermark: a translucent emblemRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesYour Audience .............................................................................. 198 The Introduction............................................................................................................................. 200 The Middle ...................................................................................................................................... 202 The Ending ...............................................................................................Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManagement, Warrington College of Business Administration, University of Florida; Stanley  M. Howe Professor in Leadership, Henry B. Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa; Associate Professor (with tenure), Department of Human Resource Studies, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University; Lecturer, Charles University, Czech Republic, and Comenius University, Slovakia; Instructor, Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Current Market Condition Analysis Free Essays

Current Market Conditions Competitive Analysis Karon Kanadjian ECO/365 April 10, 2013 Current Market Conditions Competitive Analysis Apple is probably one of the most recognized companies in the world when it comes the designing, development, and marketing of cutting edge technology with products that everyone wishes to own. Apple Inc. (Apple) was founded and incorporated in 1977 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniack, making headlines with the release of the apple I computer. We will write a custom essay sample on Current Market Condition Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to â€Å"Reuters Edition U. S. † (2013), â€Å" The Company’s products and services include iPhone, iPad, Mac, iPod, Apple TV, a portfolio of consumer and professional software applications, the iOS and OS X operating systems, iCloud, and a variety of accessory, service and support offerings† (para. 1). With two decades of predominantly manufacturing personal computers, including the Apple II, Macintosh, and Power Mac Lines, the company began facing rocky sales and low market share. With a combination of low sales, high pressure demands on the staff, and continued struggles regarding the company’s direction between Jobs and Sculley his CEO, Jobs surprisingly was ousted from the company in 1985. Siegel (  2011), â€Å"A power struggle erupted between Sculley and Jobs. In the spring of 1985 Apple’s board sided with the CEO, removing Jobs from his command of the Macintosh group† (para. 1). He however returned with the greatest comeback in 1996 after the procurement of NeXT by Apple. Steve Jobs shortly was appointed interim CEO where he inspired a new corporate philosophy of recognizable products and simple designs. Today Apple has established itself as a leader in the consumer electronic and media sales industries and has surpassed Google and Microsoft combined in sales with $156 billion in 2012 (Edstrom Holt, 2012) . In an extremely competitive trade, companies are trying to invent continually ways to retain their current customers and continue to have an edge to appeal to the new growing market of customers, especially in these very tough times economically, where people face even tougher decision making choices about the phone they purchase and the type of service they select. With the transition from 3G’s to 4G’s, companies are staging a bid to their existing customers as well as the new customers promising excellent service and plenty of extras bonuses to lure them into their clutches. They recognize customer loyalty is a thing of the past with the longevity of merely two years for an average customers contract before making a switch to another provider. This accelerating trend has become a main factor in companies raising the bar in quality while dropping their prices especially for smartphones. With the rise in blogging, a potential customer can obtain reviews of cell phones and the differences of the product features. They can determine the advantage or disadvantage of a particular phone offered as a bonus with a contract commitment. Even You Tube has search sites that allow you to watch various video reviews (â€Å"Effects Of The Emerging Competition Of Cellular Phone Companies,†Ã‚  2012). As mobile phones become a vital, and integral part of most individuals everyday living, cellular phone companies have had to continue to target the demands of this implausible market. Many telecommunication companies give cell phones as a bonus to their packages, but the unrelenting predicament they face is, which phone do they offer that will beat out the competitors, take a larger share of the market, and still manage to be profitable. With this fierce competition among the cell phone providers, some companies have turned to consolidation with other providers. Merging together has offered their talents to pool and offer top-notch phones and services. For example, Google purchased Motorolla in 2011 enabling them to compete significantly with Apple in both the software and hardware division. The same goes for Microsoft, who partnered with Nokia in producing the Windows Smartphone (â€Å"Effects Of The Emerging Competition Of Cellular Phone Companies,†Ã‚  2012). If the predictions hold true, the next few years will see more mergers allowing companies to remain in the game. One issue affecting Apple is the competiveness from other cell phone companies such as Samsung having somewhat identical features on some of their products at a lower price. Apple simply faces a vastly improving competitive threat with game changing capability. The advantage of other companies is the ability to cover a whole variety of products – phones, smartphones, tablets, TVs, and domestic goods like fridges (Shaughnessy, 013). Through the years Apple has created expensive devices that customers are willing to pay over $600 for a phone, but they need to create a market in the lower price categories of smartphones to compete with some of their competitor’s like Samsung who has created a clamor for quality products at a relatively inexpensive price range that fulfills customer requirements and requests, and thereby potentially overlook an expensive Apple de vice for a Samsung product (Shaughnessy, 2013). On the contrary, Louie Partners, and a former member of TiVo’s board, says â€Å"Apple is the one company in the world that’s powerful enough to take on monopolies and force them to change. † Apple products have created their own following of customers who will wait outside their stores in the rain to get the newest product and their items demand is considered relatively elastic. Either way it is examined, it could imply Apple shows a potential for both demand elasticity and demand inelasticity (s3hrlich, 2012) (Murray, 2012). The costs to stay in the game are staggering. Apple has variable costs such as raw material costs, packaging, and labor, which are directly involved in the company’s manufacturing process of phones. The â€Å"A Tale Of Apple, The IPhone, And Overseas Manufacturing†Ã‚  (2012) website  gives an unsettling look at Apple and offers an exhaustive report by Keith Bradsher and Charles Duhigg of the New York Times. The report based upon numerous interviews with current Apple employees as well as former employees concerns the iPhone production and the practice of abroad manufacturing. It also includes excessive, oppressive, and illegal overtime hours, hazardous conditions, inappropriate, and sometimes forced labor of 16-18 year-old student â€Å"interns† on night shifts with wages so low that 64 % of workers claim their pay does not cover their basic needs (Eisenbrey, 2012). American’s are quick to criticize Apple for its facility in China employing 230,000 people, six days a work week, 12- hour shifts, and many of the workers earn $17 per day or less. More than one fourth of the employees live in dormitories considered deplorable to American standards. Through the efforts of the manufacturing plant in China, Apple can stay ahead of the game. An example given was concerning the CEO Steve Jobs in 2007, shy of a month before the new scheduled iPhone was to show up in stores. Jobs was furious with the prototype he was carrying in his pocket a few weeks prior along with his keys, as the front glass screen was majorly marred. He gave them only one solution, to use glass that was unscratchable, and he wanted it perfect in six weeks! With an assembly line overhauled in a Chinese factory and new screens arriving shortly at the manufacturing facility, before midnight a supervisor woke up 8,000 workers at their company’s dormitories and within an hour they began a 12-hour shift fitting the new glass into the devices. According to  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Tale Of Apple, The Iphone, And Overseas Manufacturing†Ã‚  (2012),  Ã¢â‚¬  Within 96 hours, the plant was producing more than 10,000 iPhones a day a 12-hour shift fitting glass screens into beveled frames. †Ã‚  (para. 1-3). If Apple needed 3,000 people overnight, it was accomplished in the factories of China. Could you see 3,000 people in a U. S. plant being hired overnight? With cheap labor and production speed as shown, it is a big incentive for Apple. According to  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Tale Of Apple, The IPhone, And Overseas Manufacturing†Ã‚  (2012),  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The entire supply chain is in China now,† the article quotes a former high-ranking Apple executive as saying. â€Å"You need a thousand rubber gaskets? That’s the factory next door. You need a million screws? That factory is a block away. You need that screw made a little bit different? It will take three hours† (para. 1-3). The U. S. ould not compete with the speed of a company in China taking 15 days to assemble 8,700 industrial engineers to oversee employees amassing the iPhone. The average U. S. company would take as long as nine months to be ready to commence work. This depicts a vibrant picture of how companies in China work versus companies in the U. S. The cost structure for the iPhone is divided as 15 dol lars to manufacturing cost, $207 to major components, $89 to other costs, making a profit of $319. Apple’s profit per phone is more than 20 times the labor cost, according to Ross Eisenbrey. Apple has changed the world with its technological innovations being responsible for nearly 50,000 American jobs, but it is not enough. It needs to rebuild American manufacturing of the past where employees worked reasonable hours and a decent wage was the standard. Most of the phone components are assembled in China or Asia however, on the bright side, the glass for the iPhone manufactured in Kentucky is reviving a Corning factory. It has grown to more than $700 million a year, employing close to 1,000 Americans supporting the emerging market. As the market has continued to expand so has the glass manufacturing plants extending to Japan, and Taiwan. Most of Corning’s customers are in Taiwan, Korea, Japan and China, making it profitable to build and produce their glass factories next door to the assembly factories overseas (London,  2012). A major factor affecting cellular phones in the current market conditions are fixed cost. Some major providers are offering consumers a flat monthly rate to ensure they sign their current mobile contract, but mid-way through the contract, the carriers are silently raising the prices customers are currently paying. Of the four major networks, three have reportedly either raised their rates or discontinued their current monthly deals. The planned hike in prices help the networks counterbalance the high costs of the mobile Web, the delivering of apps, and mobile video. The demand for faster networks and upgrades are estimated to cost the industry a whopping $50 billion a year (â€Å"Cnn Money†,   2011). During 2012, Apple fell short of being the top brand for cell phones although Samsung’s sales soared (Muller, 2012). However, Apple continues to improve their products as people tend to want the latest upgraded phone to have minimal problems. Apple will increase its U. S. smartphone share and possibly increase its profit margin per phone as well with its new iPhone 4S, according to multiple industry analysts† (Palenchar, 2011, para. 1). Possessing more shares available gives Apple more room to grow and make changes to their product. The Apple app store alone has 500,000 apps while the Android store carries 45,000 (Warren, 2011). A large amount of the profit comes from the app store. The Apple app store has thousands more apps than the Android market. Developers should continue creating apps for Apple to help increase profits. Apple is a very popular cell phone. To increase their profits they should decrease their price making their supply and the demand increase for their brand. With technology so advance, maybe the next big thing for Apple is a built in mind reader in out cellular device! References Muller, R. (2012). Mobile phone sales. My broad brand. Retrieved from: http://mybroadband. co. za/news/gadgets/64760-most-popular-cellphone-brands-in-the-world. html/attachment/mobile-phone-sales Palenchar, J. (20111). Apple Seen Raising Share, Maximizing Profits With iPhone 4S. Twice. Retrieved How to cite Current Market Condition Analysis, Papers

International Journal Of Project Management â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Journal Of Project Management? Answer: Introducation Project management is the approach which involves the applications of varied tools, skills and knowledge which are needed to attain project objective (Leimbach, and Goodall, 2017). In todays scenario this technique has gained greater importance as it allows managers to complete their task within the given specified time limit. In the present report discussion will be carried out on different concepts such as project, risk and quality management. In this regard, the report will showcase the implications of modern developments in the future of project management. Furthermore, at the end recommendations will be suggested to ensure the success of project. Changing perspective about project management The concept project management has been into the practice for more than 50 years. Thus, it has evolved very much till this time. In this regard, many studies have been done by researchers upon project management and hence have found out several perspectives about the concept. Herein, the study conducted by Kerzner state that earlier project management was seen as the type of career path. This mean that previously project manager see this concept as another designation in their career path (Kerzner, 2010). However, now days the thing has completely change as now project management has gained strategic importance. At present, manager uses this technique for the purpose to complete their task within the given specified time limit and hence gain core competency. In addition to this, managers view about project management has also changed in relation to the training. Earlier project managers used to receive general organizational behavior training which assist them in their task completion (Carvalho and Junior, 2015). However, now project managers are given number of specialized training which is related to the topics of managing diversity, virtual team and relationship management etc. This indicates that at present project management has become internal and the most important part of any business. This is because, it is with the help of given method only, manager will be able to complete its work within particular time frame and thus earn high profit and sales. Furthermore, previously companies used to see all their undertaken projects alike. However, this thing has changed and thus projects are segregated in the form of complex and non complex category. This type of segregation has improved the work of project manager. It has allowed them t o make the segregation of their work on project importance basis. Significance of managing risk in project management Risk management is being considered as the systematic process of assessing all certain and uncertain factors which might give threat to the organizations capital. Moreover, the quote entailed by Rajan gives more clarification about the risk management concept. Rajan Quote that Taking no Risk is the best form of Risk management (Quotes About Risk Management, 2017). In accordance with the given context, Asadi has entailed in his study that risk is the undividable part of project. This means that all type of project whether it is complex and non complex possesses some type of risks. In respect to this, some type of risk assessed which occurs in front of project managers while doing their work (Asadi, 2015). It consists of scope risk, scheduling risk, technology risk and resource risk. It is very necessary for the project managers that they should take action against all these given risks. This is because if not taken then it may affect the quality of the completed project. The impact of the same will be seen on firms profitability. Below are the points which depicts about importance of managing risk in project management. Help in the management of scope creep: As Kerzner has also entails in his study that scope creep is the most critical and impactful risk of any project. But, action against such type of risk could be taken if prior plans will be prepared by making use of different risk mitigation method (Kerzner, 2017). This thing will allow manager with regard to deliver the high quality services to their client. Allows timely project delivery: The main aim of project manager is to deliver his work to client in the specified time limit. But, on doing this project manager faces many hurdles due to different unidentified risks. Thus, by making use of risk management approach managers can assess all type of risks which could affect their productivity. It is through this way only project managers can complete their work on time (McMahon, 2016). Risk management strategies and quality management Risk and quality management are being regarded as another most important part of any project. This is because these are the two main factors which ensure the success of project. In accordance with the given context, it can be said that managers will be able to deliver high quality project to their clients if they have taken significant measures for removing different hurdles which occurs in front of them. Therefore, with an aim to do the respective task they have to take assistance from number of risk management tactics and these are all depicted in below: Planning: It is being regarded as one of the most important risk management tactic. This approach entail that managers should prepare plan in relation to each and every type of risks which may occur in front of them. Moreover, the approach also entail that the managers should segregate their identified risk on the bases of their impact fullness upon project. For instance, the risk which is highly impactful should be put in red category and thus should be mitigating first (Nicholas and Steyn, 2017). If work will be carried out through this order then assurance of giving high quality work can be ensured. Monitor: The risk like scope creep requires continuous monitoring. This is because if it is not done then it will become very difficult for the project managers with respect to give their services within specified time limit in an effectual way. Modern developments in project management and its implication in future There are number of developments happening in the field of project management. These developments will not only enhance the effectiveness of future project but also assist in completing the number of projects within particular time frame (Martinelli and Milosevic, 2016). In this context, detailed information about modern developments in project management and their implication in future projects are depicted in below: Developing an effective procedural documentation: It is being regarded as one of the most effective modern development which has happened in the field of project management. This approach entails that before working on any project managers should prepare some set procedure and should make documentation of the same. With the help of procedural documents managers can gain number of benefits such as unity among project team, reduces paperwork, record for future reference and conflict minimization etc. These all benefits will assist project manager in the task of managing their complex and non-traditional projects in an effectual manner. In this context, it is examined that complex projects have the features like uncertain scope and requirements etc. Thus, by making use of procedural documentation managers can prepare prior plans in relation to the same (Padalkar and Gopinath, 2016). Thus, it is by complying with the given type of activity only effectiveness of the projects taken in futu re can be enhanced. Continuous improvement: It is being considered as one of the most popular technique of quality management and thus now it is gaining importance in project management area also. This method depict that making improvement in particular task is not the one time effort but an ongoing activity. This approach helps firm in maintaining their competitiveness in a highly competitive environment. In future it has positive implication because with the help of this project manager can deal with the risk like scope creep. It is the type of risk wherein the client present its additional requirement at the stage in where project is about to complete or ready for delivery. By making use of continuous improvement, project manager can assess the area where additional requirement from client can be added. This lead to the client satisfaction and thus resulted in the form of increased profits and sales. Competency models: This model is the replacement of project manager job description. By making use of this model number of skills can be identified which are needed in order to enhance the performance of project manager at present as well as in future (Portny, 2017). Herein, with the help of this technique information about soft and hard skills needed among project manager can be assessed (Ravindranath, 2016). Leadership, communication, conflict management and creativity are some type of soft skills. On making use of these skills project managers can deal with the number of problems which tend to occur in front of them. Thus, it is through this way only managers can enhance their efficiency of delivering high quality services to client in future. Capacity planning: This approach gives information to company about the capacity which they hold in relation to new project. In other words, with the help of capacity planning project manager can identify that whether new project work can be accomplished with existing resources or not. This method assists project managers in terms of making viable decision about their work in future in an effectual way. However, it can be evaluated that these all modern developments have limitation of time consumption. This is due to the fact that in order to prepare all types of plans project managers will require sufficient time which they always lack (Pinto and Winch, 2016). But, still use of these developments will have positive implication on future project work. Actions to be taken to ensure the success of project In order to ensure the success of project in future following actions assessed which can be used by project managers. Managing conflict at initial phase: It has been seen that while doing any big task managers go through with different type of conflicts which arises due to many issues. Thus, in order to manage the same managers can use conflict management techniques and thus can take action against all the aspects which may affect the final result of project (Zwikael, 2016). To make use of risk management: Number of risk occurs at different stage of project. Thus, in order to ensure success of project it is required by managers that they should take help from risk management techniques. This will improve quality of final project also. Preventive measures for ensuring viability and completion of project It is suggested to the managers that they should make use of technique such as CPM (Critical Path Method). This approach showcase shortest path for completing project. Thus, with the help of this project managers can complete their work in specified time frame (Nicholas and Steyn, 2017). To check the viability of project, managers can take assistance from varied experts and thus can make a decision of working on particular project or not. Conclusion From the whole report it can be summarized that the future of project management is safe due to the presence of different developments that are happening in respective field. Moreover, in future project managers have a base of taking viable and effective decision about their taken work. Thus, it will lead business in profit making direction. References Asadi, Z., (2015). An investigation of risk management strategies in projects. Marketing and Branding Research, pp. 89-100. Carvalho, M. M. D., and Junior, R. R (2015). Impact of risk management on project performance: the importance of soft skills. International Journal of Production Research, 53(2), pp. 321-340. Kerzner, H. (2017).Project management metrics, KPIs, and dashboards: a guide to measuring and monitoring project performance. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H., (2010). The Future of Project Management. International Institute of Learning, pp. 1135-1165. Leimbach, T., Goodall, J. B. (2017). The relation between project management education and newer streams in project management research. InFuture of Project Management, pp. 65-74. Martinelli, R. J., Milosevic, D. Z. (2016).Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. McMahon, P. E. (2016).Virtual project management: software solutions for today and the future. CRC Press. Nicholas, J. M., Steyn, H. (2017).Project management for engineering, business and technology. Taylor Francis. Padalkar, M., Gopinath, S. (2016). Six decades of project management research: Thematic trends and future opportunities.International Journal of Project Management,34(7), 1305-1321. Pinto, J. K., Winch, G. (2016). The unsettling of settled science: The past and future of the management of projects.International Journal of Project Management,34(2), 237-245. Portny, S. E. (2017).Project management for dummies. John Wiley Sons. Ravindranath, S. (2016). Soft Skills in Project Management: a Review. The IUP Journal of Soft Skills, pp. 1-25. Zwikael, O. (2016). International journal of project management special issue on project benefit management. Quotes About Risk Management. (2017). [Online]. Available through: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/risk-management. [Accessed on 19th September 2017].

Impact of the Social E-commerce Variables on Customers Shopping

Question: Discuss about theImpact of the Social E-commerce Variables on Customers Shopping. Answer: Zheng, X., Zhu, S., Lin, Z. (2013). Capturing the essence of word-of-mouth for social commerce: Assessing the quality of online e-commerce reviews by a semi-supervised approach.Decision Support Systems,56, 211-222. Introduction The present article concentrates on the recent progressions in the area of the information and the communication technologies as well as emergence of the Web 2.0 technologies that have brought about new advancements in the area of e-commerce. The current study focuses on social commerce that has become a new improvement in e-commerce essentially caused by the utilization of the social media to empower targeted customers to interact in a better way on the internet. The current paper also elucidates in detail the latest advancements in the information and communication technology together with the emergence of the Web 2.0 as well as the popularity of the social media have directed the way towards development of diverse new social media platforms. The platforms are said to have facilitated the overall use of the social commerce. The current study also sheds light on the existent academic body of literature and theoretical structure on social commerce, social commerce constructs, social commerce adoption model, intention to purchase and trust of the users in social networks Literature Review Social Commerce: As rightly put forward by Huang Benyoucef (2013), the academic literature on social commerce facilitates in understanding an advanced new stream as well as sub set of specific-commerce that can enable target consumers to acquire consent. The social commerce can in the process help the vendors to reach diverse markets by integration of different social interactions among consumers. Therefore, the social commerce can be regarded as a new development in the field of e-commerce along with the social networking sites as well as social media that can enable target consumers to become active content generator on the virtual space. As mentioned by Hughes Beukes (2012), a significant tool is the social media that can help in the process of differentiation of e-commerce from social commerce. Again, the social commerce also involves the use of the Web 2.0 applications that can uphold the process of interaction among diverse people essentially in an online context in which the contribution of diverse users can facilitate the process of acquirement of services as well as products. Qu et al., (2015) opine that the attractiveness of different social media sites is the primary components that can be used for the purpose of development of the field of the social commerce. The advanced social media technologies have essentially become the social tools as well as online platforms that can help in the process of development of social media. As per reports on the social commerce statistics, the objective of the social networking can help in the process of creation of online communities in which the members of the communities can share and at the same time seek common interests, actions, experiences as well as information regarding different products as well as services that essentially forms the critical social media stratagem (Li et al., 2013). Social Commerce Constructs: As rightly mentioned by Zheng et al., (2013), different types of experience of consumers in a particular online environment is distinct as the target consumers carry out interactions with different individuals. There are several social media scientists who are of the view that social media as well as emergence of different social media platforms namely, the forums as well as communities, ratings, reviews as well as recommendations have the sociability. Furthermore, the association between different e-vendors and consumers can be considered to be personal. The social media platforms are essentially the social commerce constructs that the current study will study. As mentioned by Wang et al., (2016), social commerce constructs (SCC) can be regarded as the social media platforms that have essentially emerged out of the technology Web 2.0 that in turn can empower the consumers for generation of the content and sharing of experiences. This social commerce constructs can make use of import ant information, provide important advice and at the same time share experiences in the social platforms offering a source for different online societal support. As rightly put forward by Wen et al., (2014), the ratings and reviews can be considered as one of the most significant constructs that can shape the overall social commerce. However, critical reviews generated by a third party can lessen the needs of the consumers as regards the information of the advertisement. As a result, reviews as well as ratings can create content and at the same time share experience to generate effectual information for target consumers. However, the engagement of different consumers can help in co-creation as well as generation of content that in turn can help in the social commerce constructs (Digital Intelligence Today, 2016). Trusts As rightly put forward by Chiu et al., (2014), trust can be regarded as a primary issue in economic as well as social transaction in essentially an online context in which there remains lots of improbability. In case of e-commerce, trust can be regarded to be very important where risks are very high. Again, the adoption process in e-commerce also requires maintenance of high level of trusts. The progressions in the social technologies as well as interconnectivities among different individuals on the internet platform requires maintenance of high levels of trust as well as security that shall permit two different parties to lessen the perceived risks of different transactions. Empirical evidences and prior researches reflect the fact that individuals prefer to diminish the level of social uncertainty. However, it is also disputed that in case if the websites of the e-commerce elucidates products or else the services properly, the target consumers shall trust the specific websites more . Nevertheless, this process can be facilitated by the application of different advanced social technologies that includes diverse customer reviews, pertinent information as well as experience of other individuals belonging to different forums as well as communities (Laudon Traver, 2015). For example, a good feedback and a recommendation from a reputable member belonging to an online forum or else community can probably provide high level of trust in the overall process of social commerce. Intention to Purchase As rightly put forward by Mohapatra (2013), the intention to purchase can be referred to as a construct of technology acceptance model (TAM) that can be regarded as one of the most important theories that can be used for the process of prediction of the intention of individuals to utilize the entire system. However, there are two different core concepts that can be used to examine and at the same time predict the intention of different individuals to utilize the entire information system. These two important theories include the Tam as well as the Theory of Planned Behavior (Zhang et al., 2013). However, the intention to purchase in the current study can be defined as the intention of the customer to actively engage in different online purchasing behavior in different social networking platforms. The TAM can be regarded is one of the most important concepts in e-commerce studies. Social Commerce Adoption Model: As mentioned by Turban et al., (2015), the social commerce adoption model elucidates different factors of social commerce, social commerce constructs, trust factors among many others. In addition to this, the social commerce adoption model also expounds in detail the ratings and reviews, recommendation and referrals by different members of the community and forums. This social commerce constructs therefore mainly consists of the recommendations, ratings, forums and communities and trust. The trust and the social commerce construct leads to the development of intention for purchase (Kang Johnson, 2013). Figure 1: Social Commerce Adoption Model (Source: Kang Johnson, 2013). Discussion of the Key Arguments with Supplementary Facts and Comparison of Related Theories Application of E-commerce Business Theory As rightly mentioned by Shaw et al., (2013), the applications of the social commerce applications are swiftly changing and is undergoing constant evolutions. Prior researches in the academic literature mention that customers have two distinct categories of orientations at the time of accessing different Business to Consumer sites. The behavior of the consumers can be categorized as transactional as well as social. The technology enabled shopping experience where different online consumer transaction offers the important mechanisms for the purpose of conduction of different social shopping experience. The transactional shopping experience concentrates on completion of different tasks associated to shopping whilst the social orientation concentrates on building strong association. The provision for customer reviews and at the same time personalized recommendations can be regarded as an important feature that can enhance the online shopping experience (Shaw et al., 2013). The table belo w shows the orientation of the online consumer behavior and at the same time support of the e-commerce technology: The applications of the social commerce make use of the different innovative technologies that can be categorized as social shopping website, add-on applications to different accessible social networking sites and mobile shopping websites. The transactional orientation also concentrates on completion of different shopping related tasks, whilst the social orientation concentrates on building strong association. The extension of typology of behavior of the consumers online involves categorization of online consumer behavior into three different types that the transactional, informational as well as social. As rightly mentioned by Zhang et al., (2013), transactional behavior concentrates on diverse utilitarian factors of shopping and the objective to accomplish the task in an effective manner. The empirical evidences and prior researches on marketing as well as information systems essentially mentions that convenience as well as unproblematic shopping has conventionally been the most si gnificant factor for carrying out the online shopping. However, the informational behavior concentrates on the acquirement of requisite information regarding products, services as well as trends. The objective of the current study is to remain accustomed as regards the products that might lead to instantaneous or future procurement. This type of behavior can be referred to as the goal oriented consumer information processing behavior. As rightly put forward by Zhang et al., (2013), social behavior concentrates on essentially building strong relationship and that have the inclination towards discovery of new products and at the same time development of diverse feelings such as warmth as well as satisfaction through the process of online shopping. The conventional e-commerce technology upholds the transactional and at the same time informational factors involved in online shopping, whereas the diverse applications of the social commerce essentially aims to meet social aspects involved in shopping and to potentially augment diverse informational factors (Melody.syr.edu, 2016). Critiques and Summary of the Literature The present study sheds light on different empirical evidences and academic literature on the recent progressions in information and the communication technologies in addition to emergence of the Web 2.0 technologies that have initiated new advancements in the area of e-commerce (Waset.org, 2016). The review of the existent literature on the social commerce that discusses new advances in the field of e-commerce along with the social networking sites as well as social media. The present study also critically examines the social commerce constructs that can make use of significant information, offer vital advice and at the same time contribute to experiences especially in different social platforms thereby providing a source for diverse online community support. In addition to this, the current section on the review of the literature also examines the trust factor involved in the influencing the consumers to frame their decisions to purchase. Conclusions of the Study The above mentioned study essentially examines existing theories and academic literature on existent information system. The present study elucidates and reviews in detail the academic literature on social commerce, social commerce constructs, trusts and the intention to purchases. This helps in gaining deep understanding regarding the overall social commerce adoption model and impact of the social e-commerce variables on customers shopping. The above study also helps in gaining deep understanding regarding the effect of the trust factor in the information and the communication technologies in bringing about new advancements in the area of e-commerce. From the above study it can be said that the social commerce adoption model helps in gaining an overview regarding the overall effect of different variables of the social commerce on the online buying behavior of the consumers. References Chiu, C. M., Wang, E. T., Fang, Y. H., Huang, H. Y. (2014). Understanding customers' repeat purchase intentions in B2C e?commerce: the roles of utilitarian value, hedonic value and perceived risk.Information Systems Journal,24(1), 85-114. Digital Intelligence Today. (2016).Digital Intelligence Today. Retrieved 27 October 2016, from https://digitalintelligencetoday.com Huang, Z., Benyoucef, M. (2013). From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,12(4), 246-259. Hughes, S., Beukes, C. (2012). Growth and implications of social e-commerce and group buying daily deal sites: The case of Groupon and LivingSocial.The International Business Economics Research Journal (Online),11(8), 921. Kang, J. Y. M., Johnson, K. K. (2013). How does social commerce work for apparel shopping? Apparel social e-shopping with social network storefronts.Journal of Customer Behaviour,12(1), 53-72. Laudon, K., Traver, C. (2015).E-commerce 2015. Pearson Higher Ed. Li, Y. M., Wu, C. T., Lai, C. Y. (2013). A social recommender mechanism for e-commerce: Combining similarity, trust, and relationship.Decision Support Systems,55(3), 740-752. Melody.syr.edu. (2016).Melody.syr.edu. Retrieved 27 October 2016, from https://melody.syr.edu Mohapatra, S. (2013). E-commerce Strategy. InE-Commerce Strategy(pp. 155-171). Springer US. Qu, W. G., Pinsonneault, A., Tomiuk, D., Wang, S., Liu, Y. (2015). The impacts of social trust on open and closed B2B e-commerce: A Europe-based study.Information Management,52(2), 151-159. Shaw, M. J., Zhang, D., Yue, W. T. (Eds.). (2013).E-Life: Web-enabled convergence of commerce, work, and social life: 10th Workshop on E-Business, WEB 2011, Shanghai, China, December 4, 2011, Revised selected papers(Vol. 108). Springer. Turban, E., King, D., Lee, J. K., Liang, T. P., Turban, D. C. (2015). E-Commerce: Regulatory, Ethical, and Social Environments. InElectronic Commerce(pp. 689-730). Springer International Publishing. Turban, E., King, D., Lee, J. K., Liang, T. P., Turban, D. C. (2015). E-Commerce: Regulatory, Ethical, and Social Environments. InElectronic Commerce(pp. 689-730). Springer International Publishing. Wang, W. T., Wang, Y. S., Liu, E. R. (2016). The stickiness intention of group-buying websites: The integration of the commitmenttrust theory and e-commerce success model.Information Management. Waset.org (2016). Retrieved 27 October 2016, from https://waset.org/.../2123/social-commerce-e-commerce-in-social-media-context Wen, L., Ni, Y., Huang, B. (2014). Analysis of the Application of Social E-commerce Marketing. InProceedings of the 2012 2nd International Conference on Computer and Information Application (ICCIA 2012). Atlantis Press. Zhang, P., Zhou, L., Zimmermann, H. D. (2013). Advances in social commerce research: Guest editors introduction.Zhang, P., Zhou, L., Zimmermann, H.-D.(2013). Advances in social commerce research: guest editors' introduction. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,12(4), 221-223.